These lightweight methods included: rapid application development (RAD), from 1991 the unified process (UP) and dynamic systems development method (DSDM), both from 1994 Scrum, from 1995 Crystal Clear and extreme programming (XP), both from 1996 and feature-driven development (FDD), from 1997. ĭuring the 1990s, a number of lightweight software development methods evolved in reaction to the prevailing heavyweight methods (often referred to collectively as waterfall) that critics described as overly regulated, planned, and micromanaged. Iterative and incremental software development methods can be traced back as early as 1957, with evolutionary project management and adaptive software development emerging in the early 1970s.
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